The Israeli – Palestinian conflict broke out again after Hamas launched a surprise attack, Saturday (8/10/2023). According to a number of sources, the death toll from both sides was more than 3,000 people. In fact, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been going on since 1917 or more than 100 years ago. This conflict is a struggle for territory, even though it is colored by religion. This religious color is related, among other things, to the Old City of Jerusalem. In this city there is a heritage of 3 heavenly religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Jews claimed the city of Jerusalem as belonging to the Israelites since 1070 BC. The term Israel is attached to the descendants of the Prophet Jacob. Christians or Christians also consider it a holy city because the Prophet Isa or Jesus Christ was born in
Betelhem, 9.5 km south of the city of Jerusalem. Meanwhile, Islam makes the city of Jerusalem a special city because this city was part of the journey of the Prophet Muhammad SAW during Isra Mi'raj. The current Israeli-Palestinian conflict actually has its roots when Jewish descendants fled Germany, Russia and a number of European countries because of the implementation of anti-Semitic policies. The following is the chronology of the conflict 1917 In 1917, in World War I, Britain captured
Palestine from the Ottoman Empire. In the Balfour Declaration of November 2, Britain promised a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine 1919 The British plan placed the Jews under strong challenge from the Palestinians and first appeared at a congress in Jerusalem. 1922 The League of Nations or United Nations (UN) established Britain's obligation to carry out its promises in Palestine, including guaranteeing the construction of a Jewish national home. These Jews became known as Israel. 1936 – 1939 British troops crushed the Arab rebellion in Palestine. 1947-1948 Palestine was divided into a Jewish nation-state and an Arab nation-state through UN Resolution 181. This resolution was approved in November 1947, while Jerusalem was under international control. In the division, the
West Bank – including east Jerusalem – was handed over to Jordan, while the Gaza Strip was handed over to Egypt. May 14, 1948 The State of Israel was formed with its main supporters being England and European countries. This formation sparked an 8 month war with Arab countries More than 400 Palestinian villages were destroyed by Israeli forces and some 760,000 Palestinian refugees fled to the West Bank, Gaza and neighboring Arab countries. 1964 Palestinian Liberation Organization or abbreviated as PLO) is an organization formed on May 28, 1964 with the aim of Palestinian
independence. The organization is recognized as the “legitimate representative of the Palestinian people” by 100 countries and has been granted observer status by the United Nations since 1974. 1967-1973 In the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Israel also occupies east Jerusalem, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Jewish settlements in Israeli-occupied areas began shortly thereafter and continue today in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights. Arab countries attacked Israel on October 6, 1973, the Jewish holiday, Yom Kippur. Israel repelled the attack. 1982 Israel invaded civil war-torn Lebanon on June 6 1982 to attack
Palestinian militants, after initially sending in troops in 1978. Israeli-backed Lebanese Christian militias kill hundreds of Palestinians in refugee camps in Beirut. Israeli troops remained in southern Lebanon until 2000. 1987-1993 The first intifada, aka the Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, raged from 1987 to 1993. In 1993, Israel and the PLO signed a declaration of principles for Palestinian autonomy after six months of secret negotiations in Oslo, starting a peace process that has yet to be achieved. PLO leader Yasser Arafat returned to the Palestinian territories in July 1994, after 27 years in exile to establish the Palestinian Authority. Self-government was established for the first time in the Gaza Strip
and the West Bank city of Jericho. 2000-2005 In September 2000, the leader of Israel's right-wing opposition who would later become the country's prime minister, Ariel Sharon, visited the Al-Aqsa Mosque Complex in east Jerusalem. The complex is a holy site for Muslims and Jews, who call it the Temple Mount. The visit sparked the first clashes of the second Intifada. Responding to a wave of suicide bombings, Israel in 2002 invaded the West Bank in its largest operation since the 1967 war.
Mahmud Abbas, a moderate, took over leadership of the Palestinian Authority in January 2005, after Arafat's death. The last Israeli troops leave
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